Atom C
Atomy America Inc. CEO: Han Gill Park Address: 33801 1st Way S. Ste #301 Federal Way.WA 98003 © ATOMY CO., LTD. Choose to make your Atom even more unique? Wheel and tire packages, damper options, brake options, two different screens. Aerofoils, carbon bodywork, stainless components, competition parts and a whole host more to make your Atom just that. Plus a guiding hand to specify in exact and precise detail the right car for you. Intel Atom® C processor, a system-on-a-chip (SoC) design, delivers efficient intelligence into smaller spaces at the network edge. Used in a variety of light scale-out workloads that require very low power, high density, and high I/O integration including network routers, switches, storage, security appliances, dynamic web serving, and more. Intel Atom® C3000 processors are manufactured on Intel’s optimized 14nm process technology delivering a range of Thermal Design Power (TDP) from 8.5 watts to 32 watts.
Carbon is found in many different compounds. It is in the food you eat, the clothes you wear, the cosmetics you use and the gasoline that fuels your car. Carbon is the sixth most abundant element in the universe. In addition, carbon is a very special element because it plays a dominant role in the chemistry of life. Carbon, discovered in prehistory and was known to the ancients, who manufactured it by burning organic material making charcoal. There are four known allotopes of cabon: amorphous, graphite, diamond and fullerene. A new (fifth) allotrope of carbon was recently found. It is a spongy solid that is extremely lightweight and, unusually, attracted to magnets. The inventors of this new form of carbon -- a magnetic carbon nanofoam-- say it could may someday find medical applications (see review article from Nature)Physical Properties of the Carbon Atom Guest additions virtualbox for mac os x.
Atomic Number 6
Atomic Mass Average: 12.011
Melting Point: 3823 K (3550°C or 6422°F)
Boiling Point: 4098 K (3825°C or 6917°F)
Density: 2.267g/cu.cm.
Velocity of sound [/m s-1]: 18350
Hardness Scale Mohs: 0.5
Stable Isomers (2)
Atomic Structure
The Carbon atom has six electrons, 4 of the electrons are in its valence shell (outershell). The circles in the diagram show energy levels - representing increasing distances from the nucleus. | This diagram is, however, a simplification and can be misleading. It gives the impression that the electrons are circling the nucleus in orbits like planets around the sun. Actually it is not possible to know exactly where the electrons are located (see below) |
| A better way to look at the carbon atom is by using an energy level graph shown at the right. Here we see carbon has six electrons represented by arrows (the direction of the arrow represents the electron spin) Two electrons are found in the 1s orbital close to the nucleus. The next two will go into the 2s orbital. The remaining ones will be in two separate 2p orbitals. This is because the p orbitals have the same energy and the electrons would rather be in separate orbitals. |
The actual location of electrons in a carbon atom cannot be determined with certainty and the electrons appear to be 'smeared' into orbitals as shown below. These images were created using the java applet --Atomic and Molecular Orbitals from MIT. This java applet and other Molecular Orbitals applets can be found at the Chemistry Java Page.
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Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms which have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.The number of neutrons in an atom can vary within small limits. For example, there are three kinds of carbon atom 12C, 13C and 14C. They all have the same number of protons, but the number of neutrons varies.
| protons | neutrons | mass number | |
| carbon 12 | 6 | 6 | 12 |
| carbon 13 | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| carbon 14 | 6 | 8 | 14 |
These different types of carbon atoms are called isotopes. The fact that they have varying numbers of neutrons makes no difference to the chemical reactions of the carbon atom.
Uses of Carbon
Graphite combined with clays form the 'lead' used in pencils.
Diamond is used for decorative purposes, and also as drill bits.
Carbon added to iron makes steel.
Carbon is used for control rods in nuclear reactors.
Graphite carbon in a powdered, caked form is used as charcoal for cooking, artwork and other uses.
Charcoal pills are used in medicine in pill or powder form to adsorb toxins or poisons from the digestive system.
- Atomic model
- Basic properties
- The electron
- The nucleus
- Development of atomic theory
- The beginnings of modern atomic theory
- Studies of the properties of atoms
- Models of atomic structure
- Advances in nuclear and subatomic physics
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Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work!Atom, smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles. It also is the smallest unit of matter that has the characteristic properties of a chemical element. As such, the atom is the basic building block of chemistry.
Most of the atom is empty space. The rest consists of a positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. The nucleus is small and dense compared with the electrons, which are the lightest charged particles in nature. Electrons are attracted to any positive charge by their electric force; in an atom, electric forces bind the electrons to the nucleus.
Because of the nature of quantum mechanics, no single image has been entirely satisfactory at visualizing the atom’s various characteristics, which thus forces physicists to use complementary pictures of the atom to explain different properties. In some respects, the electrons in an atom behave like particles orbiting the nucleus. In others, the electrons behave like waves frozen in position around the nucleus. Such wave patterns, called orbitals, describe the distribution of individual electrons. The behaviour of an atom is strongly influenced by these orbital properties, and its chemical properties are determined by orbital groupings known as shells.
This article opens with a broad overview of the fundamental properties of the atom and its constituent particles and forces. Following this overview is a historical survey of the most influential concepts about the atom that have been formulated through the centuries. For additional information pertaining to nuclear structure and elementary particles, seesubatomic particles.
Atomic model
Most matter consists of an agglomeration of molecules, which can be separated relatively easily. Molecules, in turn, are composed of atoms joined by chemical bonds that are more difficult to break. Each individual atom consists of smaller particles—namely, electrons and nuclei. These particles are electrically charged, and the electric forces on the charge are responsible for holding the atom together. Attempts to separate these smaller constituent particles require ever-increasing amounts of energy and result in the creation of new subatomic particles, many of which are charged.
As noted in the introduction to this article, an atom consists largely of empty space. The nucleus is the positively charged centre of an atom and contains most of its mass. It is composed of protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge. Protons, neutrons, and the electrons surrounding them are long-lived particles present in all ordinary, naturally occurring atoms. Other subatomic particles may be found in association with these three types of particles. They can be created only with the addition of enormous amounts of energy, however, and are very short-lived.
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All atoms are roughly the same size, whether they have 3 or 90 electrons. Approximately 50 million atoms of solid matter lined up in a row would measure 1 cm (0.4 inch). A convenient unit of length for measuring atomic sizes is the angstrom (Å), defined as 10−10 metre. The radius of an atom measures 1–2 Å. Compared with the overall size of the atom, the nucleus is even more minute. It is in the same proportion to the atom as a marble is to a football field. In volume the nucleus takes up only 10−14 metres of the space in the atom—i.e., 1 part in 100,000. A convenient unit of length for measuring nuclear sizes is the femtometre (fm), which equals 10−15 metre. The diameter of a nucleus depends on the number of particles it contains and ranges from about 4 fm for a light nucleus such as carbon to 15 fm for a heavy nucleus such as lead. In spite of the small size of the nucleus, virtually all the mass of the atom is concentrated there. The protons are massive, positively charged particles, whereas the neutrons have no charge and are slightly more massive than the protons. The fact that nuclei can have anywhere from 1 to nearly 300 protons and neutrons accounts for their wide variation in mass. The lightest nucleus, that of hydrogen, is 1,836 times more massive than an electron, while heavy nuclei are nearly 500,000 times more massive.
Basic properties
Atomic number
Nomor Atom C
The single most important characteristic of an atom is its atomic number (usually denoted by the letter Z), which is defined as the number of units of positive charge (protons) in the nucleus. For example, if an atom has a Z of 6, it is carbon, while a Z of 92 corresponds to uranium. A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons so that the positive and negative charges exactly balance. Since it is the electrons that determine how one atom interacts with another, in the end it is the number of protons in the nucleus that determines the chemical properties of an atom.
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